Overview
Mental concentration (samādhi) is not a uniform tool; it can be directed toward different goals. The Buddha outlined four specific outcomes that result from the deliberate development and cultivation of concentration.
The List
- For pleasant abiding here and now (Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāra): Developing the four fine-material Jhānas. This provides profound rest and bliss for the mind in the present moment.
- For obtaining knowledge and vision (Ñāṇadassana): Focusing on the perception of light (āloka-saññā) and keeping the mind bright. This develops the “divine eye” (clairvoyance).
- For mindfulness and clear comprehension (Satisampajañña): Observing feelings, perceptions, and thoughts directly as they arise, persist, and pass away. This sharpens moment-to-moment awareness.
- For the destruction of the taints (Āsavakkhaya): Contemplating the arising and passing away of the five aggregates of clinging (insight/vipassanā). This leads directly to ultimate liberation (Arahatship).
Textual References
- Canonical: Samādhibhāvanā Sutta (AN 4.41) – The Buddha explicitly divides the development of concentration into these four distinct trajectories.