Overview
The Three Higher Trainings (Tisikkhā) represent the threefold division of the Noble Eightfold Path. They form the complete progressive system of practice in orthodox Theravāda, wherein ethical purity forms the foundation for mental concentration, which in turn acts as the sharpening stone for liberating wisdom.
The List
- Adhisīla-sikkhā - Training in Higher Virtue: The perfection of moral conduct, encompassing Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood. For monastics, it involves strict adherence to the Pāṭimokkha.
- Adhicitta-sikkhā - Training in Higher Mind: The development of deep concentration and serenity (samatha), encompassing Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration (the jhānas).
- Adhipaññā-sikkhā - Training in Higher Wisdom: The direct penetration of reality through insight (vipassanā), encompassing Right View and Right Intention, culminating in the realization of the Four Noble Truths.
Textual References
- Canonical: Sikkhā Sutta (AN 3.88) – The Buddha defines these three trainings as the entirety of the holy life.
- Commentary: Visuddhimagga – The entire structure of Buddhaghosa’s masterpiece is divided exactly according to these three trainings (Sīla, Samādhi, Paññā).