Overview

In ancient Indian cosmology, a being who has accumulated unimaginable kammic merit over countless lifetimes is reborn with specific physical characteristics known as the Marks of a Great Man (Mahāpurisalakkhaṇa). According to orthodox Theravāda tradition, a being bearing these marks has only two possible destinies: becoming a Wheel-Turning Monarch (Cakkavatti) or a Fully Awakened Buddha.

The List

(Selected prominent marks from the full list of 32)

  1. Suppatiṭṭhitapādo - He has feet with level tread.
  2. Heṭṭhā pādatalesu cakkāni jātāni - On the soles of his feet are wheels with a thousand spokes.
  3. Dīghaṅguli - He has long fingers and toes.
  4. Mudu-taluna-hattha-pādo - He has soft and tender hands and feet.
  5. Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo - His complexion is like gold.
  6. Sattussado - His body is filled out in seven places (hands, feet, shoulders, trunk).
  7. Pahūtajivho - He has a large, long tongue.
  8. Brahmassaro - He has a voice like the Brahma god, clear and resonant like a karavīka bird.
  9. Uṇṇā bhamukantare jātā - He has a tuft of hair between his eyebrows, white like cotton.
  10. Uṇhīsasīso - His head is shaped like a royal turban (the uṇhīsa). (See canonical texts for the complete anatomical list).

Textual References

  • Canonical: Lakkhaṇa Sutta (DN 30) – The Buddha details all 32 marks and explicitly explains the specific wholesome kamma from past lives that produced each individual mark.

Updated: