Overview
The term bāla (fool) in Pāḷi does not mean someone lacking in worldly intelligence or academic education. Rather, it refers to an individual who is morally blind. The Buddha frequently pointed out pairs of behaviors that identify a person as spiritually ignorant.
The List
- One who does not see a transgression as a transgression: A person who commits unwholesome deeds or breaks rules but willfully ignores or justifies their actions, lacking the clarity to recognize their own moral failure.
- One who does not rightfully accept the confession of another: A person who holds onto a grudge, refusing to forgive or accept the apology of someone who has recognized their fault and is trying to make amends.
Textual References
- Canonical: Bāla Vagga (AN 2.21) – The Buddha lists various pairs of fools, with this pairing highlighting the danger of arrogance and vindictiveness.