Overview
In Theravāda Abhidhamma, “Path” (Magga) does not just refer to the gradual practice, but to a specific, instantaneous supramundane mind-moment. When insight matures, the mind permanently severs specific fetters binding the being to saṃsāra. There are four distinct breakthrough moments.
The List
- Sotāpattimagga - The Path of Stream-Entry: The first glimpse of Nibbāna. This single mind-moment permanently eradicates the fetters of identity view, doubt, and clinging to rites and rituals. It guarantees liberation within seven lifetimes.
- Sakadāgāmimagga - The Path of Once-Returning: The second breakthrough. It does not eradicate new fetters entirely but severely weakens gross lust, hatred, and delusion.
- Anāgāmimagga - The Path of Non-Returning: The third breakthrough. It completely and permanently eradicates the fetters of sensual desire and ill-will. The practitioner will never be reborn in the human or lower realms.
- Arahattamagga - The Path of Arahatship: The final, supreme breakthrough. It permanently obliterates the remaining five higher fetters (desire for form/formless existence, conceit, restlessness, and ignorance).
Textual References
- Abhidhamma: Puggalapaññatti – Formally defines the individuals who are situated on these four paths.
- Commentary: Abhidhammattha Saṅgaha – Explains the cognitive series (cittavīthi) in which these path-moments arise.