Overview
The Buddha established strict psychological and ethical standards for anyone intending to correct or admonish a fellow practitioner. Before a monk can open his mouth to point out another’s fault, he must thoroughly interrogate his own mind, ensuring his words fulfill five strict criteria. Admonishing someone without establishing these five creates demerit.
The List
- Kālena bhāsetāmi, no akālena - I will speak at the right time: Ensuring the admonition is delivered in private and when the recipient is calm and receptive, not in public or amidst anger.
- Bhūtena bhāsetāmi, no abhūtena - I will speak truthfully: Ensuring the accusation is factually accurate, not based on gossip, exaggeration, or assumptions.
- Saṇhena bhāsetāmi, no pharusena - I will speak gently: Delivering the correction with a mild, polite, and calm tone, avoiding harsh or abusive language.
- Atthasaṃhitena bhāsetāmi, no anatthasaṃhitena - I will speak beneficially: Ensuring the words are targeted to help the person correct their behavior and grow in the Dhamma, avoiding trivial or vindictive points.
- Mettācittena bhāsetāmi, no dosantaro - I will speak with a mind of loving-kindness: Ensuring the internal motivation is pure goodwill and concern for the person’s welfare, entirely free from hidden anger or a desire to humiliate them.
Textual References
- Canonical: Upāli Sutta (AN 5.167) / Cundī Sutta – The Buddha instructs Venerable Upāli on the absolute necessity of establishing these five traits before correcting others.