Overview
Time is cyclical in Theravāda cosmology, measured in vast cosmic cycles called Kappas (Aeons). Most aeons are dark, empty cycles where no Buddha arises. However, our current aeon is an exceptionally rare, auspicious cycle known as a Bhaddakappa (Fortunate Aeon) because exactly five Fully Awakened Buddhas are destined to manifest within it, illuminating the universe.
The List
- Kakusandha Buddha: The first Buddha of our aeon, appearing when human lifespans spanned forty thousand years.
- Koṇāgamana Buddha: The second Buddha of our aeon, appearing when human lifespans spanned thirty thousand years.
- Kassapa Buddha: The third Buddha of our aeon, appearing when human lifespans spanned twenty thousand years.
- Gotama Buddha: Our historical Buddha. He appeared during a time of decline when human lifespans spanned a mere hundred years, discovering the path amidst intense ignorance.
- Metteyya Buddha: The future Buddha. He currently resides in the Tusita heaven, waiting for the Dhamma of Gotama Buddha to completely disappear and human lifespans to cycle back up before descending for his final rebirth.
Textual References
- Canonical: Mahāpadāna Sutta (DN 14) – The Buddha details the lineages, trees, and lifespans of the prominent Buddhas of the past.