Overview

The Buddha frequently emphasized the importance of gratitude as a core virtue. In a world largely driven by self-interest, he pointed out two specific types of individuals whose behavior is profoundly noble, yet exceptionally difficult to find.

The List

  1. Pubbakārī - The first doer / The initiator of help: A person who does a favor or provides help unconditionally, without being asked, and without expecting anything in return. Parents and the Buddha are considered the ultimate examples.
  2. Kataññūkatavedī - The grateful and reciprocating one: A person who recognizes the help they have received (kataññū) and makes a deliberate effort to repay that debt of gratitude (katavedī).

Textual References

  • Canonical: Dullabha Sutta (AN 2.119) – The Buddha explicitly states that these two persons are rare in the world.

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