Overview
The human body can only exist in one of four primary modes. In Theravāda meditation, specifically in the contemplation of the body (Kāyānupassanā), these four postures become the primary anchors for developing continuous mindfulness and clear comprehension (satisampajañña) throughout the day.
The List
- Gamana - Walking: Being fully aware of the intention to walk, the movement of the feet, and the physical sensations of stepping.
- Ṭhāna - Standing: Being fully aware of the body in a stationary, upright position, observing the tension and balance required.
- Nisajja - Sitting: Being fully aware of the seated posture, which is the primary mode for formal tranquility and insight meditation.
- Sajjāna - Lying down: Being fully aware of the body resting, maintaining mindfulness until the exact moment of falling asleep, and resolving to wake mindfully.
Textual References
- Canonical: Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta (MN 10) – The Buddha instructs the meditator to know “I am walking” when walking, “I am standing” when standing, etc., breaking the illusion of a continuous “self” moving the body.