Overview
For communication to be considered “Right Speech” in Theravāda, it must pass a stringent five-part test. The Buddha taught that speech is only well-spoken, blameless, and faultless when it fulfills all five of these criteria simultaneously. If even one is missing, it is better to remain silent.
The List
- Kālena bhāsitā hoti - It is spoken at the right time: The speech is situationally appropriate. One does not speak truths when the listener is agitated and unable to receive them.
- Saccā bhāsitā hoti - It is spoken in truth: The speech is factually accurate, not fabricated, exaggerated, or deceitful.
- Saṇhā bhāsitā hoti - It is spoken gently: The speech is delivered with a mild and pleasant tone, avoiding harsh, aggressive, or abusive language.
- Atthasaṃhitā bhāsitā hoti - It is spoken beneficially: The speech has a useful purpose. It is connected to the Dhamma, discipline, or worldly welfare, avoiding frivolous chatter.
- Mettacittena bhāsitā hoti - It is spoken with a mind of loving-kindness: The internal motivation is pure. There is no hidden malice, jealousy, or intent to hurt the listener; it is driven entirely by goodwill.
Textual References
- Canonical: Vācā Sutta (AN 5.198) – The Buddha provides this exact rubric, stating that speech endowed with these five factors is faultless before the wise.