Grammatical Analysis
Nirodha: [m.] cessation; destruction; extinction; containment. Formed by prefix ni (without) + root rudh (to obstruct, dam up, fence in). Literally means the complete damming up or total containment of a current, preventing its further flow.
Orthodox Definition
In the schema of the Four Noble Truths, Nirodha constitutes the Third Noble Truth: the absolute cessation of suffering (dukkha-nirodha). This is the direct structural synonym for Nibbāna.
The commentaries clarify that nirodha is not a blank state of nothingness or the mere destruction of a previously existing self. Rather, it is the total, irreversible cessation of the causal cycle of suffering. Because the fuels of ignorance (avijjā) and craving (taṇhā) are extinguished, the resultant aggregates (khandha) no longer arise after the death of an Arahat.
The Visuddhimagga emphasizes that this truth is an ultimate reality (paramattha-dhamma) that must be personally realized (sacchikātabba) by the mind. It is characterized by peace (santi-lakkhaṇa) and remains completely unconditioned (asaṅkhata).
Textual References
- Sutta: Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta (SN 56.11) – Defining cessation as the complete fading away, relinquishment, and liberation from that very craving.
- Canonical: Udana (Nibbāna Sutta - Ud 8.3) – Discussing the existence of an unborn, unoriginated, unmade, and unconditioned state.
- Commentary: Visuddhimagga (Chapter XVI) – Structural defense proving that nirodha is an objective reality and not merely an empty concept.