Grammatical Analysis
Paṭigha: [nt.] Repulsion; ill-will; anger; resistance. Formed by prefix paṭi (against) + root gha (to strike). Literally, the mind “striking against” an object.
Orthodox Definition
Paṭigha is the fifth of the Ten Fetters. In Abhidhamma, it is functionally synonymous with the unwholesome root of Hatred (dosa), but is specifically used to denote the fetter of aversion that binds beings to suffering.
It encompasses all forms of negativity, from the slightest flicker of annoyance or dissatisfaction to blinding, murderous rage. Because it is intrinsically linked to sensual desire (kāmarāga)—we get angry when our sensual desires are thwarted—the two fetters share the same lifecycle of destruction. Paṭigha is weakened at the Once-Returner stage and permanently annihilated at the Non-Returner (Anāgāmī) stage.
An Anāgāmī or Arahat cannot be provoked to anger, irritation, or fear under any circumstances, even if they are being physically tortured.
Textual References
- Sutta: Kakācūpama Sutta (MN 21) – The Simile of the Saw, demonstrating the absolute requirement to eradicate ill-will even if bandits are sawing one limb from limb.
- Abhidhamma: Dhammasaṅgaṇī – Defining paṭigha as the mental state of hostility, churlishness, and opposition.